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11.
Takeda M Kasai H Torii Y Mukamoto M Kohda T Tsukamoto K Kozaki S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(4):325-330
Avian botulism is a paralytic disease caused by a toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum type C. Since type C isolates from cases of avian botulism produced a neurotoxin consisting of a mosaic form of parts of type C and D neurotoxins, we examined the antitoxin titers in the convalescent sera of botulism-affected birds which belonged to family Anatidae. ELISA using the C/D mosaic neurotoxin as an antigen revealed that the antibody was detected in the sera at 2 weeks, but not at 5 weeks after the onset, suggesting that the antibody only appeared for a short period in the convalescent phase. However, we failed to detect the antibody titers with anti-chicken IgG instead of anti-duck IgG. We therefore examine the immunological properties of IgG among different families and species. The results revealed that different species of IgG in the same family exhibited strong cross-reactivity. Ducks immunized once with the toxoid together with a commercial oil-adjuvanted vaccine were found to develop sufficient antibody to protect against a challenge with a lethal toxin dose. The ELISA titers did not correspond to the neutralization titers in the sera of immunized ducks at the early stage during immunization. These findings suggest that the neutralizing titer was more useful than the ELISA titer for evaluating the protection against the toxin, but the ELISA technique may be applicable for detecting the occurrence of botulism. 相似文献
12.
Tomonari Kasai Tomoko Suzuki Kozue Ono Ken'ichi Ogawa Yoshishige Inagaki Yuki Ichinose Kazuhiro Toyoda Tomonori Shiraishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(5):265-272
We previously reported that the release of O2
− from isolated pea cell walls was enhanced by a 70-kDa glycoprotein elicitor but was suppressed by mucin-type glycopeptide
suppressors (supprescins A and B) prepared from pycnospore germination fluid of Mycosphaerella pinodes, causal agent of Mycosphaerella blight of pea. Here, we show that superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the apoplast fluid/cell wall
of pea seedlings responds to the fungal elicitor and suppressor molecules. In a pharmacological study and with internal amino
acid sequencing, the apoplastic SOD in a pea cultivar Midoriusui was found to be a Cu/Zn type SOD. We cloned a full-length
cDNA of the Cu/Zn-SOD and designated it as PsCu/Zn-SOD1. An increase in PsCu/Zn-SOD1 mRNA and the PsCu/Zn-SOD1 protein was induced by treatment with the elicitor more intensively
than by wounding. Such induction by the elicitor or wounding, however, was inhibited by the concomitant presence of supprescins.
The SOD activity of recombinant PsCu/Zn-SOD1 was regulated directly by these signal molecules in a manner similar to their
effect on the SOD activity in the apoplastic fluid and in the cell wall-bound proteins. Based on these findings, we discuss
a role for PsCu/Zn-SOD1 in the pea defense response.
The nucleotide sequence data of PsCu/Zn-SOD1 reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession number AB189165. 相似文献
13.
K Harada O Kamimura H Kasai T Matsuda A Tonomura VV Moshchalkov 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,274(5290):1167-1170
The microscopic mechanism of the matching effect in a superconductor, which manifested itself as the production of peaks or cusps in the critical current at specific values of the applied magnetic field, was investigated with Lorentz microscopy to allow direct observation of the behavior of vortices in a niobium thin film having a regular array of artificial defects. Vortices were observed to form regular and consequently rigid lattices at the matching magnetic field, at its multiples, and at its fractions. The dynamic observation furthermore revealed that vortices were most difficult to move at the matching field, whereas excess vortices moved easily. 相似文献
14.
Ethylene formation from ethyl moiety of ethionine 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In plants, ethylene is formed in the presence of light and flavin mononucleotide from ethionine and S-ethylcysteine. The ethylene is formed from the ethyl moiety of ethionine. 相似文献
15.
Chifumi?Kasai Thongchai?Nitiratsuwan Osamu?Baba Hisashi?KurokuraEmail author 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(4):791-798
ABSTRACT: Water management systems and other business situations of shrimp culturists were surveyed in two districts in southern Thailand. There were three types of water management systems in southern Thailand, namely closed, semiclosed and open systems, categorized by the frequency of exchange of pond water. Shrimp culturists in those districts tended to shift their system from the open system to the closed system of their own accord, and the average net income ratio decreased due to the change of water management system in a district from more than 2 to less than 1. The reason for this shift, in spite of the decrease in the profit rate, was prevention of infectious disease caused by water exchange. In conclusion, it was proven that independent shrimp culturists, such as medium and small scale shrimp pond owners in southern Thailand, would accept short-term decreases in profit rate in order to stabilize production. 相似文献
16.
Red sea bream Pagrus major is a commercially important fish in Japan. In eastern Seto Inland Sea (SIS), the catch has increased from 297 tons in 1972 to 2,039 tons in 2010. We examined the relationship, 1972–2010, between increase in catch and winter temperature, based on the catch in February and March and the lowest water temperature at 10 m depth. In 1972–1986, the lowest water temperatures in the inner SIS areas (Osaka Bay, Harima‐nada, and Bisan‐seto) were <8°C, which is physiologically unfavorable for red sea bream. However, in 1987–2010 temperatures were generally ≥8°C. In the inner areas, the catch during winter had been minimal until the early 1980s, presumably because most red sea breams moved to the Kuroshio‐influenced (warmer) Kii Channel area. However, the winter catch in the inner areas of SIS increased from the late 1980s with warm winters. In addition, the catch between April and June, the spawning season, increased in the inner areas from the 1990s, and the catch rate of the inner areas was more than twice higher in the 2000s than in the 1980s. The results suggest that expansion of the distribution area during winter due to warm winter and increase in egg production in the inner areas greatly contributes to the increasing in catch in the eastern SIS. 相似文献
17.
Keita W. Suzuki Taiki Fuji Akihide Kasai Sachihiko Itoh Shingo Kimura Yoh Yamashita 《Fisheries Oceanography》2020,29(1):66-83
Northwesterly cold winds characteristic of the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) dictate winter climatic conditions over the Japanese Archipelago. Japanese temperate bass Lateolabrax japonicus is a commercially important coastal fish that spawns offshore in winter and uses shallow waters as nursery habitats. To investigate the effects of EAWM on the planktonic period of L. japonicus, eggs, larvae, and juveniles were quantitatively collected in Tango Bay on the Sea of Japan side in winter and spring from 2007 to 2017. Although eggs occurred close to the mouth of the bay, planktonic larvae occurred further inside as they developed. The horizontal distribution of planktonic larvae, combined with water velocity data obtained from mooring observations, indicated that planktonic larvae are transported south‐ to westward through Ekman current and an anticyclonic circulation, which are driven by northwesterly winds. To evaluate survival during the planktonic period in each year class, the abundance of benthic larvae/juveniles was divided by winter total landings of Lateolabrax spp. (proxy of the spawning stock size). This survival index exhibited a positive correlation with the northwesterly component of winter winds, and a negative correlation with winter air temperature (average from December to February, Spearman's correlation, p < .05). There was, however, no significant correlation with winter water temperature or winter freshwater discharge in the bay. We conclude that northwesterly cold winds of EAWM play a critical role in transporting L. japonicus eggs and larvae toward nursery habitats, specifically beaches and estuaries fringing the innermost part of Tango Bay. 相似文献
18.
19.
Murakami Hiroaki Yoon Seokjin Kasai Akihide Minamoto Toshifumi Yamamoto Satoshi Sakata Masayuki K. Horiuchi Tomoya Sawada Hideki Kondoh Michio Yamashita Yoh Masuda Reiji 《Fisheries Science》2019,85(6):1109-1109
Fisheries Science - In the original publication the text in right column of page 330, the sequences of primers were incorrectly published as. 相似文献
20.
Mitsuhisa Baba Shintaro Abe Makiko Kasai Toshihiro Sugiura Hiroshi Kobayashi 《Journal of Forest Research》2011,16(6):446-455
Understory vegetation may affect nitrate (NO3
−) leaching, even in coniferous forests. Our objective was to estimate the contribution of understory vegetation to nutrient
cycling, especially nitrogen, in a Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) stand. We therefore cut down and removed understory vegetation in one plot of the stand (the cutting plot) to compare nutrient
budgets in the cutting plot with those in a control plot in which understory vegetation was allowed to grow. We also examined
neutralization of the acid produced due to an increase in NO3
− leaching. A monitoring study on precipitation and soil-percolated water was carried out in both plots. When the understory
vegetation was cut down, NO3
− flux at a soil depth of 10 cm increased remarkably in summer, with values significantly higher than those in the control
plot. This resulted in an increase in proton load associated with N transformation ([H+]load). The increase in [H+]load enhanced mobilization of Ca2+, Mg2+, and SiO2 ([SiO2]mob). In addition, the correlations between [SiO2]mob and mobilization of each base cation were distinct in the cutting plot. These results indicated that the acids produced
because of N transformation were buffered not only by ion exchange but also by chemical weathering. The contribution of understory
vegetation to minimizing NO3
− leaching suggested that understory vegetation might reduce the risk of N saturation because of chronic atmospheric N inputs. 相似文献